在这个章节,我们将会创建一些程序框架,注意,这仅仅涉及到程序的界面,并没有实现程序的具体功能。当中,主要介绍一些著名的程序界面在 wxPython 中是如何实现的。
文件管理器(Fiel Manager)
下面将创建一个名为“File Hunter”的文件管理器,它的界面仿照了 Unix 著名的文件管理器 Krusader。如果双击 spliter 控件,窗口会被拆分成等宽的两部分。
import wx
import os
import time
ID_BUTTON=100
ID_EXIT=200
ID_SPLITTER=300
class MyListCtrl(wx.ListCtrl):
def __init__(self, parent, id):
wx.ListCtrl.__init__(self, parent, id, style=wx.LC_REPORT)
files = os.listdir(‘.’)
images = [‘images/empty.png’, ‘images/folder.png’, ‘images/source_py.png’,
‘images/image.png’, ‘images/pdf.png’, ‘images/up16.png’]
self.InsertColumn(0, ‘Name’)
self.InsertColumn(1, ‘Ext’)
self.InsertColumn(2, ‘Size’, wx.LIST_FORMAT_RIGHT)
self.InsertColumn(3, ‘Modified’)
self.SetColumnWidth(0, 220)
self.SetColumnWidth(1, 70)
self.SetColumnWidth(2, 100)
self.SetColumnWidth(3, 420)
self.il = wx.ImageList(16, 16)
for i in images:
self.il.Add(wx.Bitmap(i))
self.SetImageList(self.il, wx.IMAGE_LIST_SMALL)
j = 1
self.InsertStringItem(0, ‘..’)
self.SetItemImage(0, 5)
for i in files:
(name, ext) = os.path.splitext(i)
ex = ext[1:]
size = os.path.getsize(i)
sec = os.path.getmtime(i)
self.InsertStringItem(j, name)
self.SetStringItem(j, 1, ex)
self.SetStringItem(j, 2, str(size) + ‘ B’)
self.SetStringItem(j, 3, time.strftime(‘%Y-%m-%d %H:%M’,
time.localtime(sec)))
if os.path.isdir(i):
self.SetItemImage(j, 1)
elif ex == ‘py’:
self.SetItemImage(j, 2)
elif ex == ‘jpg’:
self.SetItemImage(j, 3)
elif ex == ‘pdf’:
self.SetItemImage(j, 4)
else:
self.SetItemImage(j, 0)
if (j % 2) == 0:
self.SetItemBackgroundColour(j, ‘#e6f1f5’)
j = j + 1
class FileHunter(wx.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, id, title):
wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent, -1, title)
self.splitter = wx.SplitterWindow(self, ID_SPLITTER, style=wx.SP_BORDER)
self.splitter.SetMinimumPaneSize(50)
p1 = MyListCtrl(self.splitter, -1)
p2 = MyListCtrl(self.splitter, -1)
self.splitter.SplitVertically(p1, p2)
self.Bind(wx.EVT_SIZE, self.OnSize)
self.Bind(wx.EVT_SPLITTER_DCLICK, self.OnDoubleClick, id=ID_SPLITTER)
filemenu= wx.Menu()
filemenu.Append(ID_EXIT,”E&xit”,” Terminate the program”)
editmenu = wx.Menu()
netmenu = wx.Menu()
showmenu = wx.Menu()
configmenu = wx.Menu()
helpmenu = wx.Menu()
menuBar = wx.MenuBar()
menuBar.Append(filemenu,”&File”)
menuBar.Append(editmenu, “&Edit”)
menuBar.Append(netmenu, “&Net”)
menuBar.Append(showmenu, “&Show”)
menuBar.Append(configmenu, “&Config”)
menuBar.Append(helpmenu, “&Help”)
self.SetMenuBar(menuBar)
self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.OnExit, id=ID_EXIT)
tb = self.CreateToolBar( wx.TB_HORIZONTAL | wx.NO_BORDER |
wx.TB_FLAT | wx.TB_TEXT)
tb.AddSimpleTool(10, wx.Bitmap(‘images/previous.png’), ‘Previous’)
tb.AddSimpleTool(20, wx.Bitmap(‘images/up.png’), ‘Up one directory’)
tb.AddSimpleTool(30, wx.Bitmap(‘images/home.png’), ‘Home’)
tb.AddSimpleTool(40, wx.Bitmap(‘images/refresh.png’), ‘Refresh’)
tb.AddSeparator()
tb.AddSimpleTool(50, wx.Bitmap(‘images/write.png’), ‘Editor’)
tb.AddSimpleTool(60, wx.Bitmap(‘images/terminal.png’), ‘Terminal’)
tb.AddSeparator()
tb.AddSimpleTool(70, wx.Bitmap(‘images/help.png’), ‘Help’)
tb.Realize()
self.sizer2 = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
button1 = wx.Button(self, ID_BUTTON + 1, “F3 View”)
button2 = wx.Button(self, ID_BUTTON + 2, “F4 Edit”)
button3 = wx.Button(self, ID_BUTTON + 3, “F5 Copy”)
button4 = wx.Button(self, ID_BUTTON + 4, “F6 Move”)
button5 = wx.Button(self, ID_BUTTON + 5, “F7 Mkdir”)
button6 = wx.Button(self, ID_BUTTON + 6, “F8 Delete”)
button7 = wx.Button(self, ID_BUTTON + 7, “F9 Rename”)
button8 = wx.Button(self, ID_EXIT, “F10 Quit”)
self.sizer2.Add(button1, 1, wx.EXPAND)
self.sizer2.Add(button2, 1, wx.EXPAND)
self.sizer2.Add(button3, 1, wx.EXPAND)
self.sizer2.Add(button4, 1, wx.EXPAND)
self.sizer2.Add(button5, 1, wx.EXPAND)
self.sizer2.Add(button6, 1, wx.EXPAND)
self.sizer2.Add(button7, 1, wx.EXPAND)
self.sizer2.Add(button8, 1, wx.EXPAND)
self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnExit, id=ID_EXIT)
self.sizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
self.sizer.Add(self.splitter,1,wx.EXPAND)
self.sizer.Add(self.sizer2,0,wx.EXPAND)
self.SetSizer(self.sizer)
size = wx.DisplaySize()
self.SetSize(size)
self.sb = self.CreateStatusBar()
self.sb.SetStatusText(os.getcwd())
self.Center()
self.Show(True)
def OnExit(self,e):
self.Close(True)
def OnSize(self, event):
size = self.GetSize()
self.splitter.SetSashPosition(size.x / 2)
self.sb.SetStatusText(os.getcwd())
event.Skip()
def OnDoubleClick(self, event):
size = self.GetSize()
self.splitter.SetSashPosition(size.x / 2)
app = wx.App(0)
FileHunter(None, -1, ‘File Hunter’)
app.MainLoop()
电子数据表(SpreadSheet)
Gnumeric,KSpread 和 OpenOffice.org Cale 都是 Unix 下的著名电子数据表程序。在下面的例子中的,我们将会利用 wxPython 来创建一个电子数据表的界面框架。
# spreadsheet.py
from wx.lib import sheet
import wx
class MySheet(sheet.CSheet):
def __init__(self, parent):
sheet.CSheet.__init__(self, parent)
self.row = self.col = 0
self.SetNumberRows(55)
self.SetNumberCols(25)
for i in range(55):
self.SetRowSize(i, 20)
def OnGridSelectCell(self, event):
self.row, self.col = event.GetRow(), event.GetCol()
control = self.GetParent().GetParent().position
value = self.GetColLabelValue(self.col) + self.GetRowLabelValue(self.row)
control.SetValue(value)
event.Skip()
class Newt(wx.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, id, title):
wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent, -1, title, size = (550, 500))
fonts = [‘Times New Roman’, ‘Times’, ‘Courier’, ‘Courier New’, ‘Helvetica’,
‘Sans’, ‘verdana’, ‘utkal’, ‘aakar’, ‘Arial’]
font_sizes = [’10’, ’11’, ’12’, ’14’, ’16’]
box = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
menuBar = wx.MenuBar()
menu1 = wx.Menu()
menuBar.Append(menu1, ‘&File’)
menu2 = wx.Menu()
menuBar.Append(menu2, ‘&Edit’)
menu3 = wx.Menu()
menuBar.Append(menu3, ‘&Edit’)
menu4 = wx.Menu()
menuBar.Append(menu4, ‘&Insert’)
menu5 = wx.Menu()
menuBar.Append(menu5, ‘F&ormat’)
menu6 = wx.Menu()
menuBar.Append(menu6, ‘&Tools’)
menu7 = wx.Menu()
menuBar.Append(menu7, ‘&Data’)
menu8 = wx.Menu()
menuBar.Append(menu8, ‘&Help’)
self.SetMenuBar(menuBar)
toolbar1 = wx.ToolBar(self, -1, style= wx.TB_HORIZONTAL)
toolbar1.AddLabelTool(-1, ”, wx.Bitmap(‘icons/stock_new.png’))
toolbar1.AddLabelTool(-1, ”, wx.Bitmap(‘icons/stock_open.png’))
toolbar1.AddLabelTool(-1, ”, wx.Bitmap(‘icons/stock_save.png’))
toolbar1.AddSeparator()
toolbar1.AddLabelTool(-1, ”, wx.Bitmap(‘icons/stock_cut.png’))
toolbar1.AddLabelTool(-1, ”, wx.Bitmap(‘icons/stock_copy.png’))
toolbar1.AddLabelTool(-1, ”, wx.Bitmap(‘icons/stock_paste.png’))
toolbar1.AddLabelTool(-1, ”, wx.Bitmap(‘icons/stock_delete.png’))
toolbar1.AddSeparator()
toolbar1.AddLabelTool(-1, ”, wx.Bitmap(‘icons/stock_undo.png’))
toolbar1.AddLabelTool(-1, ”, wx.Bitmap(‘icons/stock_redo.png’))
toolbar1.AddSeparator()
toolbar1.AddLabelTool(-1, ”, wx.Bitmap(‘icons/incr22.png’))
toolbar1.AddLabelTool(-1, ”, wx.Bitmap(‘icons/decr22.png’))
toolbar1.AddSeparator()
toolbar1.AddLabelTool(-1, ”, wx.Bitmap(‘icons/chart.xpm’))
toolbar1.AddSeparator()
toolbar1.AddLabelTool(-1, ”, wx.Bitmap(‘icons/stock_exit.png’))
toolbar1.Realize()
toolbar2 = wx.ToolBar(self, wx.TB_HORIZONTAL | wx.TB_TEXT)
self.position = wx.TextCtrl(toolbar2)
font = wx.ComboBox(toolbar2, -1, value = ‘Times’, choices=fonts, size=(100, -1),
style=wx.CB_DROPDOWN)
font_height = wx.ComboBox(toolbar2, -1, value = ’10’, choices=font_sizes,
size=(50, -1), style=wx.CB_DROPDOWN)
toolbar2.AddControl(self.position)
toolbar2.AddControl(font)
toolbar2.AddControl(font_height)
toolbar2.AddSeparator()
bold = wx.Bitmap(‘icons/stock_text_bold.png’)
toolbar2.AddCheckTool(-1, bold)
italic = wx.Bitmap(‘icons/stock_text_italic.png’)
toolbar2.AddCheckTool(-1, italic)
under = wx.Bitmap(‘icons/stock_text_underline.png’)
toolbar2.AddCheckTool(-1, under)
toolbar2.AddSeparator()
toolbar2.AddLabelTool(-1, ”, wx.Bitmap(‘icons/text_align_left.png’))
toolbar2.AddLabelTool(-1, ”, wx.Bitmap(‘icons/text_align_center.png’))
toolbar2.AddLabelTool(-1, ”, wx.Bitmap(‘icons/text_align_right.png’))
box.Add(toolbar1, border=5)
box.Add((5,5) , 0)
box.Add(toolbar2)
box.Add((5,10) , 0)
toolbar2.Realize()
self.SetSizer(box)
notebook = wx.Notebook(self, -1, style=wx.RIGHT)
sheet1 = MySheet(notebook)
sheet2 = MySheet(notebook)
sheet3 = MySheet(notebook)
sheet1.SetFocus()
notebook.AddPage(sheet1, ‘Sheet1’)
notebook.AddPage(sheet2, ‘Sheet2’)
notebook.AddPage(sheet3, ‘Sheet3’)
box.Add(notebook, 1, wx.EXPAND)
self.CreateStatusBar()
self.Centre()
self.Show(True)
app = wx.App()
Newt(None, -1, ‘SpreadSheet’)
app.MainLoop()
上面大部分代码都是为了创建菜单和工具栏的,而用于创建电子表格的仅用了很少的代码。
def __init__(self, parent):
sheet.CSheet.__init__(self, parent)
self.row = self.col = 0
self.SetNumberRows(55)
self.SetNumberCols(25)
for i in range(55):
self.SetRowSize(i, 20)
MySheet 类继承了 wx.lib 模块的 CSheet 类 ──── 这是一个基本的 wx.Grid 类,仅附加了一些功能。
这是一人目前 wxPython( on GTK+)的一个 Bug,right 实质上是 bottom,bottom 实质上是 right。
浏览器(Browser)
在下面的例子中,我们将模仿 Firefox 创建一个网页浏览器界面框架。
import wx
from wx.lib.buttons import GenBitmapTextButton
class Browser(wx.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, id, title):
wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent, id, title, size=(450, 400))
panel = wx.Panel(self, -1)
panel.SetBackgroundColour(‘WHITE’)
menubar = wx.MenuBar()
file = wx.Menu()
file.Append(1, ‘&Quit’, ”)
edit = wx.Menu()
view = wx.Menu()
go = wx.Menu()
bookmarks = wx.Menu()
tools = wx.Menu()
help = wx.Menu()
menubar.Append(file, ‘&File’)
menubar.Append(edit, ‘&Edit’)
menubar.Append(view, ‘&View’)
menubar.Append(go, ‘&Go’)
menubar.Append(bookmarks, ‘&Bookmarks’)
menubar.Append(tools, ‘&Tools’)
menubar.Append(help, ‘&Help’)
self.SetMenuBar(menubar)
vbox = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
hbox1 = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
hbox2 = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
toolbar1 = wx.Panel(panel, -1, size=(-1, 40))
back = wx.BitmapButton(toolbar1, -1, wx.Bitmap(‘icons/back.png’),
style=wx.NO_BORDER)
forward = wx.BitmapButton(toolbar1, -1, wx.Bitmap(‘icons/forward.png’),
style=wx.NO_BORDER)
refresh = wx.BitmapButton(toolbar1, -1, wx.Bitmap(‘icons/refresh.png’),
style=wx.NO_BORDER)
stop = wx.BitmapButton(toolbar1, -1, wx.Bitmap(‘icons/stop.png’),
style=wx.NO_BORDER)
home = wx.BitmapButton(toolbar1, -1, wx.Bitmap(‘icons/home.png’),
style=wx.NO_BORDER)
address = wx.ComboBox(toolbar1, -1, size=(50, -1))
go = wx.BitmapButton(toolbar1, -1, wx.Bitmap(‘icons/go.png’),
style=wx.NO_BORDER)
text = wx.TextCtrl(toolbar1, -1, size=(150, -1))
hbox1.Add(back)
hbox1.Add(forward)
hbox1.Add(refresh)
hbox1.Add(stop)
hbox1.Add(home)
hbox1.Add(address, 1, wx.TOP, 4)
hbox1.Add(go, 0, wx.TOP | wx.LEFT, 4)
hbox1.Add(text, 0, wx.TOP | wx.RIGHT, 4)
vbox.Add(toolbar1, 0, wx.EXPAND)
line = wx.StaticLine(panel)
vbox.Add(line, 0, wx.EXPAND)
toolbar2 = wx.Panel(panel, -1, size=(-1, 30))
bookmark1 = wx.BitmapButton(toolbar2, -1, wx.Bitmap(‘icons/love.png’),
style=wx.NO_BORDER)
bookmark2 = wx.BitmapButton(toolbar2, -1, wx.Bitmap(‘icons/books.png’),
style=wx.NO_BORDER)
bookmark3 = wx.BitmapButton(toolbar2, -1, wx.Bitmap(‘icons/sound.png’),
style=wx.NO_BORDER)
hbox2.Add(bookmark1, flag=wx.RIGHT, border=5)
hbox2.Add(bookmark2, flag=wx.RIGHT, border=5)
hbox2.Add(bookmark3)
toolbar2.SetSizer(hbox2)
vbox.Add(toolbar2, 0, wx.EXPAND)
line = wx.StaticLine(panel)
vbox.Add(line, 0, wx.EXPAND)
panel.SetSizer(vbox)
self.CreateStatusBar()
self.Centre()
self.Show(True)
app = wx.App(0)
Browser(None, -1, ‘Browser’)
app.MainLoop()
程序最大的问题是如何在工具栏上创建一个可变大小的复合框(浏览器的地址栏),因此我们不能简单的使用 wx.Toolbar,因为 Robin Dunn 已经证实这是不可能的。
这是一个简单的技巧,我们创建一个面板来代替工具栏。
…
hbox1.Add(back)
hbox1.Add(forward)
hbox1.Add(refresh)
创建一个 horizontal sizer,并放置必需的按钮。
放置一个复合框到 sizer 上,作为浏览器的地址栏。注意,为了可重设大小,它的 proportion 参数设置为1。
创建的第二个工具栏是一个常规的工具栏。我们用一水平直线来分隔上下两个工具栏(我们可能会尝试设置上面的面板的 borders 来实现这水平直线,但证实这也是不可能的)。